Drug Addiction
What Is Drug Addiction?
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease that involves uncontrolled use of substances despite harmful consequences. It affects how the brain functions, particularly areas involved in reward, motivation, and decision-making. According to the American Psychiatric Association, repeated substance use causes lasting brain changes that increase the risk of relapse even after periods of abstinence.
Signs and Symptoms
Drug addiction symptoms vary by substance but generally fall into four categories according to DSM-5 criteria:
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Impaired Control | Strong cravings, inability to cut down, using more than intended |
| Social Problems | Neglecting responsibilities at work/school/home, relationship issues |
| Risky Use | Using in dangerous situations, continuing despite known problems |
| Physical Effects | Tolerance (needing more for same effect), withdrawal symptoms when stopping |
Additional behavioral signs include changes in mood, appetite, and sleep patterns; secretive behavior; losing interest in previously enjoyed activities; and engaging in risky behaviors.
Common Types of Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol Use Disorder: Most common SUD in the U.S.
Opioid Use Disorder: Including prescription painkillers and illicit drugs like heroin
Cannabis Use Disorder: Problematic marijuana use
Stimulant Use Disorder: Cocaine, methamphetamine, prescription stimulants
Benzodiazepine Use Disorder: Anti-anxiety medications
Tobacco/Nicotine Use Disorder: Cigarettes, e-cigarettes, other tobacco products
What Causes Drug Addiction?
Multiple factors contribute to addiction development:
Genetic Factors: Family history accounts for 40-60% of addiction risk
Brain Chemistry: Substances alter dopamine pathways, creating powerful reinforcement cycles
Environmental Influences: Trauma, stress, peer pressure, early exposure to substances
Mental Health: Co-occurring disorders like depression, anxiety, or PTSD increase vulnerability
How Is Drug Addiction Diagnosed?
Dr. Budhwar will conduct:
Comprehensive Assessment: Detailed substance use history, medical evaluation, and mental health screening
Diagnostic Criteria: Using DSM-5 guidelines to determine severity (mild: 2-3 symptoms; moderate: 4-5; severe: 6+ symptoms)
Laboratory Testing: Urine or blood tests to assess current use and monitor treatment progress
Risk Assessment: Evaluating withdrawal risks and determining appropriate treatment setting
Treatment Options
Effective treatment is individualized and often combines multiple approaches:
1. Medical Detoxification
Safe withdrawal management under medical supervision, which may involve:
Gradual dose reduction or medication-assisted withdrawal
Treatment of withdrawal symptoms and complications
Monitoring for medical emergencies
2. Medications
Opioid Use Disorder: Methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone
Alcohol Use Disorder: Naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram
Nicotine Use Disorder: Nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline
Withdrawal Management: Medications to ease specific withdrawal symptoms
3. Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Identifies triggers and develops coping strategies
Contingency Management: Rewards system for maintaining sobriety
Motivational Enhancement Therapy: Builds motivation for change
Family Therapy: Addresses relationship dynamics and builds support systems
4. Support Groups and Peer Recovery
12-Step Programs: Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous
SMART Recovery: Science-based approach emphasizing self-management
Peer Support Services: Connection with others in recovery
Self-Help Strategies
Identify Triggers: Recognize situations, emotions, or people that prompt drug use
Build Healthy Routines: Regular exercise, proper nutrition, adequate sleep
Develop Coping Skills: Stress management techniques, mindfulness, relaxation exercises
Create Support Networks: Connect with sober friends, family members, and recovery communities
Set Goals: Establish meaningful short-term and long-term objectives beyond substance use
When and How to Seek Help
If substance use is causing problems in your life or you recognize signs of addiction, professional help is available:
Book an appointment with Dr. Budhwar
Contact us for guidance and support
Visit our home page for additional resources
Recovery from drug addiction is possible. With comprehensive treatment, ongoing support, and commitment to change, individuals can overcome addiction and build fulfilling, substance-free lives. Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.